{
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  "description": "Every cited reference with its PubMed, PMC and DOI identifiers, bibliographic metadata as PubMed records it, study type, the compound records that cite it, and its verification receipt (source, date, evidence batch).",
  "version": "2026-10-21",
  "license": "CC-BY-4.0",
  "licenseUrl": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
  "attribution": "Purely Peptides Research Library, https://purelypeptides.org/research/, licensed CC BY 4.0",
  "notice": "Research reference data about peptide identity, structure and the published literature. It is not product information, makes no claim about any product, and is not medical advice.",
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      "id": "pmid-26308095",
      "pmid": "26308095",
      "doi": "10.1021/acs.jmedchem.5b00726",
      "title": "Discovery of the Once-Weekly Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 (GLP-1) Analogue Semaglutide.",
      "authors": [
        "Lau J",
        "Bloch P",
        "Schäffer L",
        "Pettersson I",
        "Spetzler J",
        "Kofoed J",
        "Madsen K",
        "Knudsen LB",
        "McGuire J",
        "Steensgaard DB",
        "Strauss HM",
        "Gram DX",
        "Knudsen SM",
        "Nielsen FS",
        "Thygesen P",
        "Reedtz-Runge S",
        "Kruse T"
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      "journal": "Journal of medicinal chemistry",
      "publicationDate": "2015-09-11",
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      "id": "pmid-34260945",
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      "doi": "10.1016/j.celrep.2021.109374",
      "title": "Structure and dynamics of semaglutide- and taspoglutide-bound GLP-1R-Gs complexes.",
      "authors": [
        "Zhang X",
        "Belousoff MJ",
        "Liang YL",
        "Danev R",
        "Sexton PM",
        "Wootten D"
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      "journal": "Cell reports",
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      "doi": "10.3389/fendo.2019.00155",
      "title": "The Discovery and Development of Liraglutide and Semaglutide.",
      "authors": [
        "Knudsen LB",
        "Lau J"
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      "journal": "Frontiers in endocrinology",
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      "doi": "10.1172/jci.insight.133429",
      "title": "Semaglutide lowers body weight in rodents via distributed neural pathways.",
      "authors": [
        "Gabery S",
        "Salinas CG",
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        "Alanentalo T",
        "Baquero AF",
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        "Farkas E",
        "Fekete C",
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        "Helms HCC",
        "Jeppesen JF",
        "John LM",
        "Pyke C",
        "Nøhr J",
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        "Sun G",
        "Szilvásy-Szabó A",
        "Willenbrock H",
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      "title": "LY3437943, a novel triple glucagon, GIP, and GLP-1 receptor agonist for glycemic control and weight loss: From discovery to clinical proof of concept.",
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        "Coskun T",
        "Urva S",
        "Roell WC",
        "Qu H",
        "Loghin C",
        "Moyers JS",
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        "Briere DA",
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        "Thomas MK",
        "Pirro V",
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        "Frías JP",
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      "title": "Retatrutide, a GIP, GLP-1 and glucagon receptor agonist, for people with type 2 diabetes: a randomised, double-blind, placebo and active-controlled, parallel-group, phase 2 trial conducted in the USA.",
      "authors": [
        "Rosenstock J",
        "Frias J",
        "Jastreboff AM",
        "Du Y",
        "Lou J",
        "Gurbuz S",
        "Thomas MK",
        "Hartman ML",
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        "Milicevic Z",
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      "title": "Triple hormone receptor agonist retatrutide for metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease: a randomized phase 2a trial.",
      "authors": [
        "Sanyal AJ",
        "Kaplan LM",
        "Frias JP",
        "Brouwers B",
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        "Thomas MK",
        "Harris C",
        "Schloot NC",
        "Du Y",
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        "Hartman ML"
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      "doi": "10.1038/35079135",
      "title": "Metastasis suppressor gene KiSS-1 encodes peptide ligand of a G-protein-coupled receptor.",
      "authors": [
        "Ohtaki T",
        "Shintani Y",
        "Honda S",
        "Matsumoto H",
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        "Kanehashi K",
        "Terao Y",
        "Kumano S",
        "Takatsu Y",
        "Masuda Y",
        "Ishibashi Y",
        "Watanabe T",
        "Asada M",
        "Yamada T",
        "Suenaga M",
        "Kitada C",
        "Usuki S",
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        "Onda H",
        "Nishimura O",
        "Fujino M"
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      "title": "The metastasis suppressor gene KiSS-1 encodes kisspeptins, the natural ligands of the orphan G protein-coupled receptor GPR54.",
      "authors": [
        "Kotani M",
        "Detheux M",
        "Vandenbogaerde A",
        "Communi D",
        "Vanderwinden JM",
        "Le Poul E",
        "Brézillon S",
        "Tyldesley R",
        "Suarez-Huerta N",
        "Vandeput F",
        "Blanpain C",
        "Schiffmann SN",
        "Vassart G",
        "Parmentier M"
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      "title": "AXOR12, a novel human G protein-coupled receptor, activated by the peptide KiSS-1.",
      "authors": [
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        "Chamberlain L",
        "Elshourbagy NA",
        "Michalovich D",
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      "title": "Investigating the detection of the novel doping‐relevant peptide kisspeptin‐10 in urine using liquid chromatography high‐resolution mass spectrometry.",
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        "Van Eenoo P"
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      "title": "Structure of the Glycyl-L-histidyl-L-lysine--copper(II) complex in solution.",
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        "Pickart L",
        "Weinstein B",
        "Mims WB",
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      "authors": [
        "Lau SJ",
        "Sarkar B"
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      "title": "Pharmacology, physiology, and mechanisms of incretin hormone action.",
      "authors": [
        "Campbell JE",
        "Drucker DJ"
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      "title": "How May GIP Enhance the Therapeutic Efficacy of GLP-1?",
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        "Coghlan MP",
        "Sloop KW"
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      "title": "Ultrasensitive and Label-Free Detection of Copper Ions by GHK-Modified Asymmetric Nanochannels.",
      "authors": [
        "An P",
        "Zhang Z",
        "Yang J",
        "Wang T",
        "Wang Z",
        "Sun CL",
        "Qin C",
        "Li J"
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      "title": "Effects of glycyl-histidyl-lysyl chelated Cu(II) on ferritin dependent lipid peroxidation.",
      "authors": [
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        "DeSilva D",
        "Pickart L",
        "Aust SD"
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      "title": "The human tri-peptide GHK and tissue remodeling.",
      "authors": [
        "Pickart L"
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      "doi": "10.1016/j.molmet.2018.09.009",
      "title": "LY3298176, a novel dual GIP and GLP-1 receptor agonist for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus: From discovery to clinical proof of concept.",
      "authors": [
        "Coskun T",
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